This week's Hemp Show is the fourth and final episode of our four-part miniseries covering the 2026 USDA Hemp Stakeholder Event, which took place at Cornell AgriTech on September 10.
In Episode 1, we looked at what's in the national hemp germplasm collection.
In Episode 2, we looked at the tools for measuring it.
In Episode 3, we learned about plant disease and the search for resistance.
In this episode we follow the plant toward the market.
Kevin Hernandez, working with John Ramsey of USDA-ARS in Ithaca, New York, went looking for cannabinoids outside the flower and found traces in leaves, stems, roots and seeds.
Jourdan Lakes, an ARS microbiologist in Lexington, Kentucky, is testing hemp compounds, including one from hemp hurd, against bacteria that hold cattle back.
"Plants can't run away from contaminated water. They can't run away from contaminated soil. They have to stay and they have to defend themselves in place," she said.
Ryan Stoklosa, a chemical engineer at the ARS research center outside Philadelphia, is turning hemp stalks into an ingredient for jet fuel.
Tyler Gordon, a research geneticist in Geneva, is turning the collection's wild diversity into uniform, stable lines.
Finally, we hear what the hemp industry told the scientists it needs, and how you can help.
That wraps up the series. Thanks for listening.
Learn More
Hemp Collection, USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit
ars.usda.gov
Hemp Descriptors and Phenotyping Handbook, USDA-ARS
ars.usda.gov
Crop Germplasm Committees, National Plant Germplasm System
ars-grin.gov
Hemp Stakeholder Group
[DOMAIN]
Hemp Seed Traits in Diverse Germplasm, Tyler Gordon Webinar, Cornell Hemp
hemp.cals.cornell.edu
Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Compounds in Hemp Hurd, Jourdan Lakes et al., University of Kentucky
scholars.uky.edu
Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS
ars.usda.gov
Oxygen-Limiting Fermentation for 2,3-Butanediol Production, Ryan Stoklosa et al., Frontiers in Chemical Engineering
frontiersin.org
National Plant Germplasm System
ars-grin.gov
USDA ARS Hemp Webinar Series
ars.usda.gov
Cornell Hemp
hemp.cals.cornell.edu
Thanks to Our Sponsors
Jungmaven
jungmaven.com
IND Hemp
indhemp.com
Americhanvre Cast Hemp
americhanvre.com
King's AgriSeeds
kingsagriseeds.com
Forever Green, KP4 Hemp Cutter
hempcutter.com
The Lancaster Farming Industrial Hemp Podcast, also known as The Hemp Show, concludes its four-part miniseries on the 2026 USDA Hemp Stakeholder Event, held September 10, 2026, at Cornell AgriTech in Geneva, New York. Hosted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Plant Genetic Resources Unit, the meeting centered on the national hemp germplasm collection, a public seed bank of Cannabis sativa that is part of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Episode 4 follows hemp from the seed bank toward the market: cannabinoids in hemp roots, stems and seeds, antimicrobial compounds from hemp for cattle, sustainable aviation fuel from hemp stalks, inbred hemp lines, and industry feedback on what the hemp industry needs from research. Using recordings of the day's presentations, the episode features researchers from USDA ARS laboratories in Ithaca and Geneva, New York; Lexington, Kentucky; and Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania.
Kevin Hernandez, working with USDA ARS researcher John Ramsey in Ithaca, sampled hemp flowers, leaves, upper and lower stems, roots and seeds over three seasons, outdoors and in a growth chamber, to map where cannabinoids and other metabolites occur in the plant. Hemp stems were tough enough to trip the breaker on an industrial hammer mill. Detection reached the parts per billion range, far below the 0.3% THC legal limit of about 3,000 ppm. Metabolites turned up not only in flowers but in leaves, stems and, at very low levels, in roots, where cannabinoid-producing trichomes have not been reported. Upper stems carried more than lower stems. In the growth chamber, male plants of Purple Bud matched or exceeded female plants, possibly because the females had been pollinated and set seed. Traces on the seed coat suggest high-cannabinoid varieties are a riskier choice for hemp grain. Hernandez noted that statistical analysis is still to come. Ramsey, who breeds tomatoes for nutrition at the Robert W. Holley Center, described stakeholder-driven research models such as citrus work funded by the California Citrus Research Board, and a shortage of trained LC-MS operators.
Jourdan Lakes, a microbiologist at the USDA ARS Forage-Animal Production Research Unit on the University of Kentucky campus in Lexington, where about half the budget now goes to hemp, including hemp agronomy work led by the late Bob Pearce, screens hemp for antimicrobial compounds for livestock. CBD inhibited hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB), which remove available protein from beef cattle and limit weight gain, in pure culture and, at higher doses, in rumen fluid from rumen-fistulated steers. The hemp terpenes limonene and pinene worked against the bacterium that causes liver abscesses in finishing cattle, a health and financial burden now treated only with antibiotics. Ground hemp hurd showed no activity, but vanillin, one of its lignin-derived compounds, was strongly antimicrobial. Ryan Stoklosa, a research chemical engineer at the ARS Eastern Regional Research Center in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, notes that hemp is missing from the Department of Energy Billion-Ton Report alongside energy crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus. With the Geneva team, he studied the biomass composition of two hemp cultivars harvested at two times, finding more positive correlations during senescence, and fermented hemp stalk sugars into 2,3-butanediol, a platform chemical for sustainable aviation fuel. Aerobic conditions produced acetoin, a buttery-smelling byproduct, while anaerobic conditions produced more butanediol in less time.
Tyler Gordon, a research geneticist at the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, is inbreeding about 60 highly heterozygous, heterogeneous hemp accessions of diverse geographic origin and end use, fiber, grain and high cannabinoid, inside 10-micron pollen-exclusion bags, with the goal of uniform, stable inbred lines from each hemp subpopulation. Genotyping with the Breeding Insight DArTag panel showed one plant selfed for five generations at 1% heterozygosity. Thousand seed weight ran higher in Asian and high-cannabinoid accessions and lower in U.S. feral and European accessions, and feral hemp shattered up to 80% to 90% of its seed. The data are in the hemp phenotyping handbook. Notes from the industry roundtable, posted by ARS, called for cheaper, stable hemp seed, THC that doesn't run hot, regionally adapted flowering time, more hemp decorticators east of the Mississippi, regional fiber processing hubs, fiber quality standards, higher grain yields with less shattering, better drying and storage, and low THC in hemp feed, with whole-plant use of fiber, hurd and grain as the path to profit. Curator Zach Stansell and Shelby Ellison, chair of the Hemp Crop Germplasm Committee, invited breeders, growers, processors and buyers to join the committee and a new hemp stakeholder group.